Find the tradeoff between two kinds of edge disagreementEight node values have mean zero and squared spread one. Initially nodes 1 through 4 have value plus one over square root eight, and nodes 5 through 8 have the opposite value. Values are shown beside their nodes. The energy plot shows disagreement within the groups, disagreement between them, and their total. At boundary ratio one, within-group energy is zero and between-group energy is one. At ratio zero, the between-group energy is zero but within-group energy rises to two. Keep the wiring; adjust the values Mean 0 and squared spread 1 in every pattern. 1 +0.354 2 +0.354 3 +0.354 4 +0.354 5 −0.354 6 −0.354 7 −0.354 8 −0.354 Two effects, one total Energy at squared spread 1 0 1 2 0 0.5 1 Boundary ratio t Within the groups 0.000 Between the groups 1.000 Total energy 1.000
Find the tradeoff between two kinds of edge disagreementEight node values have mean zero and squared spread one. Initially nodes 1 through 4 have value plus one over square root eight, and nodes 5 through 8 have the opposite value. Values are shown beside their nodes. The energy plot shows disagreement within the groups, disagreement between them, and their total. At boundary ratio one, within-group energy is zero and between-group energy is one. At ratio zero, the between-group energy is zero but within-group energy rises to two. Keep the wiring; adjust the values Mean 0 and squared spread 1 in every pattern. 1 +0.354 2 +0.354 3 +0.354 4 +0.354 5 −0.354 6 −0.354 7 −0.354 8 −0.354 Two effects, one total Energy at squared spread 1 0 1 2 0 0.5 1 Boundary ratio t Within the groups 0.000 Between the groups 1.000 Total energy 1.000

t sets the boundary values relative to the interior values. At t = ½, they are half as large. All eight values are rescaled together to keep mean 0 and squared spread 1. The wiring stays fixed.

1.000
Energy1.000
Mean0.000
Squared spread1.000
The wiring stays fixed while the node values change. Teal edges show disagreement inside the original groups; orange edges show disagreement between them. Thicker edges have larger gaps. The plot adds both energy contributions, and its marker follows t.